Systems and methods for detecting unauthorized population of surface-mount devices on a printed circuit board

ABSTRACT

In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a circuit board may include a connector configured to electrically couple a device to the circuit board. The connector may include a conductive element configured to be electrically coupled to a first voltage and a detection pad configured to be electrically coupled to a second voltage via a resistor, such that when a device pin of a device is electrically coupled to the conductive element, the detection pad is electrically coupled to the conductive element via the device pin.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates in general to information handlingsystems, and more particularly to a system and method for detectingunauthorized population of surface-mount devices on a printed circuitboard.

BACKGROUND

As the value and use of information continues to increase, individualsand businesses seek additional ways to process and store information.One option available to users is information handling systems. Aninformation handling system generally processes, compiles, stores,and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or otherpurposes thereby allowing users to take advantage of the value of theinformation. Because technology and information handling needs andrequirements vary between different users or applications, informationhandling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled,how the information is handled, how much information is processed,stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the informationmay be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in informationhandling systems allow for information handling systems to be general orconfigured for a specific user or specific use such as financialtransaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage,or global communications. In addition, information handling systems mayinclude a variety of hardware and software components that may beconfigured to process, store, and communicate information and mayinclude one or more computer systems, data storage systems, andnetworking systems.

An information handling system may include one or more circuit boardsoperable to mechanically support and electrically couple electroniccomponents making up the information handling system. For example,circuit boards may be used as part of motherboards, memories, storagedevices, storage device controllers, peripherals, peripheral cards,network interface cards, and/or other electronic components. As is knownin the art, a circuit board may comprise a plurality of conductivelayers separated and supported by layers of insulating materiallaminated together, with conductive traces disposed on and/or in any ofsuch conductive layers.

Circuit boards often include pads for surface-mount connectors or otherdevices that are de-populated on production systems intended for an enduser. Such devices may include debuggers or verification devicesintended to test system functionality (e.g., Joint Test Action Group,Inter-Integrated Circuit, In-Target Probe, and other debugger orverification devices), but not intended to be included with aninformation handling system provided to an end user. Accordingly, thesede-populated pads provide interfaces that may sometimes be used toaccess or program information handling system components, compromisingsecurity of the entire information handling system. For example, anunauthorized party may gain access to and reprogram parts of aninformation handling system by populating de-populated parts.

SUMMARY

In accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure, thedisadvantages and problems associated with securing an informationhandling system against unauthorized population of surface-mount deviceson a printed circuit board may be reduced or eliminated.

In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a circuitboard may include a connector configured to electrically couple a deviceto the circuit board. The connector may include a conductive elementconfigured to be electrically coupled to a first voltage and a detectionpad configured to be electrically coupled to a second voltage via aresistor, such that when a device pin of a device is electricallycoupled to the conductive element, the detection pad is electricallycoupled to the conductive element via the device pin.

In accordance with these and other embodiments of the presentdisclosure, a method may include forming a conductive element configuredto be electrically coupled to a first voltage and forming a detectionpad configured to be electrically coupled to a second voltage via aresistor, such that when a device pin of a device is electricallycoupled to the conductive element, the detection pad is electricallycoupled to the conductive element via the device pin.

In accordance with these and other embodiments of the presentdisclosure, an information handling system may include a processor, oneor more information handling resources, and a circuit board configuredto communicatively couple the one or more information handling resourcesto the processor. The circuit board may include a connector configuredto electrically couple a device to the circuit board. The connector mayinclude a conductive element configured to be electrically coupled to afirst voltage and a detection pad configured to be electrically coupledto a second voltage via a resistor, such that when a device pin of adevice is electrically coupled to the conductive element, the detectionpad is electrically coupled to the conductive element via the devicepin.

Technical advantages of the present disclosure may be readily apparentto one skilled in the art from the figures, description and claimsincluded herein. The objects and advantages of the embodiments will berealized and achieved at least by the elements, features, andcombinations particularly pointed out in the claims.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are examples and explanatory and arenot restrictive of the claims set forth in this disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the present embodiments and advantagesthereof may be acquired by referring to the following description takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencenumbers indicate like features, and wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of selected components of an exampleinformation handling system, in accordance with embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example circuit board that may be used in aninformation handling system, in accordance with embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an example detection circuit fordetecting unauthorized population of a surface-mount device on a circuitboard, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure; and

FIGS. 4A-4C each illustrate a configuration of pads that may be used inconnection with a circuit for detecting unauthorized population of asurface-mount device on a circuit board, in accordance with embodimentsof the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Preferred embodiments and their advantages are best understood byreference to FIGS. 1 through 4C, wherein like numbers are used toindicate like and corresponding parts.

For purposes of this disclosure, an information handling system mayinclude any instrumentality or aggregate of instrumentalities operableto compute, classify, process, transmit, receive, retrieve, originate,switch, store, display, manifest, detect, record, reproduce, handle, orutilize any form of information, intelligence, or data for business,scientific, control, or other purposes. For example, an informationhandling system may be a personal computer, a network storage device, orany other suitable device and may vary in size, shape, performance,functionality, and price. The information handling system may includerandom access memory (RAM), one or more processing resources such as acentral processing unit (CPU) or hardware or software control logic,ROM, and/or other types of nonvolatile memory. Additional components ofthe information handling system may include one or more disk drives, oneor more network ports for communicating with external devices as well asvarious input and output (I/O) devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, anda video display. The information handling system may also include one ormore buses operable to transmit communications between the varioushardware components.

For the purposes of this disclosure, computer-readable media may includeany instrumentality or aggregation of instrumentalities that may retaindata and/or instructions for a period of time. Computer-readable mediamay include, without limitation, storage media such as a direct accessstorage device (e.g., a hard disk drive or floppy disk), a sequentialaccess storage device (e.g., a tape disk drive), compact disk, CD-ROM,DVD, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electricallyerasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and/or flash memory; aswell as communications media such as wires, optical fibers, microwaves,radio waves, and other electromagnetic and/or optical carriers; and/orany combination of the foregoing.

For the purposes of this disclosure, information handling resources maybroadly refer to any component system, device or apparatus of aninformation handling system, including without limitation processors,service processors, basic input/output systems, buses, memories, I/Odevices and/or interfaces, storage resources, network interfaces,motherboards, and/or any other components and/or elements of aninformation handling system.

As discussed above, an information handling system may include one ormore circuit boards operable to mechanically support and electricallyconnect electronic components making up the information handling system(e.g., packaged integrated circuits). Circuit boards may be used as partof motherboards, memories, storage devices, storage device controllers,peripherals, peripheral cards, network interface cards, and/or otherelectronic components. As used herein, the term “circuit board” includesprinted circuit boards (PCBs), printed wiring boards (PWBs), etchedwiring boards, and/or any other board or similar physical structureoperable to mechanically support and electrically couple electroniccomponents.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of selected components of an exampleinformation handling system 102, in accordance with embodiments of thepresent disclosure. In some embodiments, information handling system 102may comprise a server. In other embodiments, information handling system102 may comprise a personal computer, such as a laptop, notebook, ordesktop computer. In other embodiments, information handling system 102may be a mobile device sized and shaped to be readily transported andcarried on a person of a user of information handling system 102 (e.g.,a smart phone, a tablet computing device, a handheld computing device, apersonal digital assistant, etc.). As depicted in FIG. 1, informationhandling system 102 may include a processor 103 and one or moreinformation handling resources 110 coupled to processor 103 via abackplane 104.

Processor 103 may include any system, device, or apparatus configured tointerpret and/or execute program instructions and/or process data, andmay include, without limitation, a microprocessor, microcontroller,digital signal processor (DSP), application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), or any other digital or analog circuitry configured to interpretand/or execute program instructions and/or process data. In someembodiments, processor 103 may interpret and/or execute programinstructions and/or process data stored in memory 104 and/or anothercomponent of information handling system 102.

Backplane 104 may comprise any system, device, or apparatus configuredto interconnect processor 103 and the one or more information handlingresources, and may comprise a motherboard and/or one or more othercircuit boards.

Generally speaking, information handling resources 110 may include anycomponent system, device or apparatus of information handling system100, including without limitation processors, buses, computer-readablemedia, input-output devices and/or interfaces, storage resources,network interfaces, motherboards, electro-mechanical devices (e.g.,fans), displays, and/or power supplies.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example circuit board 200 that may be used ininformation handling system 102, in accordance with embodiments of thepresent disclosure. As depicted in FIG. 1, circuit board 200 may includea plurality of pads 202 (e.g., pads 202 a and 202 b) and traces 204.Pads 202 may comprise a conductive material and may be formed on asurface of circuit board 200. Further, each pad 202 may be operable toreceive a pin of an electronic component (e.g., a packaged integratedcircuit or other information handling resource 110) and provideelectrical connectivity between the pin and one or more traces 204.Traces 204 may comprise a conductive material and may be formed on asurface of circuit board 200, or in a layer of circuit board 200 notvisible from the surface thereof. Further, each trace 204 may beoperable to provide conductive pathways between electronic componentsmounted to pads 202. As used herein, the term “conductive element” mayrefer to pads 202, traces 204, and/or any other element disposed on, in,and/or within circuit board 200 that is operable to provide anelectrically conductive pathway (e.g., vias). The various pads 202,traces 204, and vias may comprise silver, copper, aluminum, lead,nickel, other metals, metal alloys, and/or any other conductive materialthat may readily conduct electrical current.

As shown in FIG. 2, a circuit board 200 may employ different types ofpads 202. For example, a circuit board 200 may include one or morethrough-hole pads 202 a which include a hole or opening in the pad 202 ato receive a pin of an electronic component through the hole. As anotherexample, a circuit board 200 may include a plate-like pad 202 bcomprising a plate of conductive material formed on a surface of circuitboard 200 and configured to receive a corresponding pin of an electroniccomponent.

Although FIG. 2 depicts conductive elements 202 and 204 on the topsurface of circuit board 200, it is understood that conductive elements202 and 204 may also be disposed on the bottom surface of circuit board200. In addition, circuit board 200 may comprise a plurality ofconductive layers separated and supported by layers of insulatingmaterial laminated together, and traces 204 may be disposed on and/or inany of such conductive layers. Connectivity between conductive elementsdisposed on and/or in various layers of circuit board 200 may beprovided by conductive vias.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an example detection circuit 300for detecting unauthorized population of a surface-mount device on acircuit board 200, in accordance with embodiments of the presentdisclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, detection circuit 300 may comprise arail pad 302, a detection pad 304, and a pull-up resistor 306.

Rail pad 302 may comprise a circuit board pad (e.g., a pad 202) and maybe coupled to a ground voltage. Detection pad 304 may comprise a circuitboard pad (e.g., a pad 202) and may be coupled to a source voltage via aresistor 306. Detection pad 304 may also be communicatively coupled toan information handling resource 110. Rail pad 302 and detection pad 304may be formed sufficiently proximate to each other such that when aperson attempts to electrically couple a device pin of an electroniccomponent to rail pad 302, the device pin also electrically couples todetection pad 304, thus electrically coupling rail pad 302 to detectionpad 304 via the device pin.

Resistor 306 may include a passive two-terminal electrical componentwherein the current through resistor 306 is substantially in directproportion to the voltage across the terminals of resistor 306, inaccordance with Ohm's law.

In operation, when a device pin of an electronic component is notelectrically coupled to rail pad 302, a voltage on detection pad 304will be approximately equal to the source voltage coupled to resistor306. On the other hand, when a device pin of an electronic component iselectrically coupled to rail pad 302, such device pin may electricallycouple detection pad 304 to a ground voltage via the device pin and railpad 302. Thus, the voltage present on detection pad 304 may indicatewhether a device pin is coupled to rail pad 302.

The voltage of detection pad 304 may be communicated to an informationhandling resource 110. When the voltage of detection pad 304 indicatesthat a device pin is coupled to rail pad 302, information handlingresource 110 may store information of such event in a computer-readablemedium (e.g., non-volatile memory) integral to or accessible to theinformation handling resource 110, so that the event is logged, even ifthe electronic component having the device pin is later removed. Theinformation stored by the information handling resource 110 regardingthe event may thus indicate to a user that an unauthorized population ofcircuit board 200 may have occurred.

FIGS. 4A-4C each illustrate a configuration of pads that may be used inconnection with a circuit for detecting unauthorized population of asurface-mount device on a circuit board 200, in accordance withembodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4A depicts a padconfiguration 400 including a single rail pad 302 and single detectionpad 304. As shown in FIG. 4A, when a device pin 402 is coupled to railpad 302, detection pad 304 may be coupled to rail pad 302 via device pin402.

FIG. 4B depicts a pad configuration 420 including a single rail pad 302and multiple detection pads 304. As shown in FIG. 4B, when a device pin402 is coupled to rail pad 302, one or more of detection pads 304 may becoupled to rail pad 302 via device pin 402. As pads rail pads 302 anddetection pads 304 may be larger than their corresponding device pins402 to account for placement tolerance, there may be some space in whicha device pin 402 may be moved from a side of a pad 302/304. Theexistence of two or more detection pads 304 in pad configuration mayavoid a placement in which a device pin 402 may be shifted in adirection away from a detection pad 304. In pad configuration 420,detection signals from the multiple detection pads 304 (e.g., voltages)may combine into a single detection signal en route to an informationhandling resource 110.

FIG. 4C depicts a pad configuration 440 including a detection pad 304surrounding a ground via 404, with a gap 406 between detection pad 304and ground via 404. As shown in FIG. 4C, when a device pin 402 iscoupled to ground via 402, one or more of detection pads 304 may becoupled to ground via 404 via device pin 402.

In these and other configurations, rail pads 302, detection pads 304,and ground vias 404 may be of any suitable sizes and/or shapes. In someembodiments, it may be desirable to configure rail pads 302/ground vias404 and detection pads 304 (e.g., in an interlocking pattern) so as torender it difficult to tamper with the rail pads 302/ground vias 404 anddetection pads 304 in a way so as to disable detection circuit 300.

In addition to configuring rail pads 302/ground vias 404 and detectionpads 304 to avoid tampering, detection circuit 300 may include otherfeatures to reduce or prevent tampering. For example, in someembodiments, information handling resource 110 may include an internalpull-down resistor, wherein such internal pull-down resistor is coupledbetween detection pad 304 and ground. With such an internal pull-downresistor, information handling resource 110 may detect and log a cut inthe trace coupling detection pad 304 and information handling resource110 and/or the removal of resistor 306.

In addition or alternatively, resistor 306 may be physically placedsignificantly more proximate to detection pad 304 than to informationhandling resource 110. If resistor 306 were placed proximate toinformation handling resource 110, an intruder could cut the tracecoupling detection pad 304 and information handling resource 110,practically rendering detection circuit 300 useless. However, by placingresistor 306 proximate to detection pad 304, an intruder may not be ableto cut the trace coupling detection pad 304 and information handlingresource 110 with also decoupling resistor 306 from information handlingresource 110, thus further allowing information handling resource 110 todetect and log a cut in such trace.

In some embodiments, multiple rail pads 302/ground vias 404 of a circuitboard connection may each have one or more corresponding detection pads304, and detection signals from the multiple detection pads 304 (e.g.,voltages) may combine into a single detection signal en route to aninformation handling resource 110.

In the various embodiments of detection circuit 300 described above,rail pad 302 is shown as being coupled to a ground voltage whileresistor 306 is coupled to a source voltage. However, similarfunctionality and operation of detection circuit 300 may be achieved inembodiments in which rail pad 302 is coupled to a source voltage andresistor 306 is coupled to a ground voltage. In such embodiments,information handling resource 110 may include an internal pull-upresistor coupled between the source voltage an detection pad 304. Insuch embodiments, coupling of a device to rail pad 302 may cause avoltage on the trace coupling detection pad 304 and information handlingresource 110 to rise from the ground voltage to the source voltage toindicate potentially unauthorized population of a device on a circuitboard.

Although the present disclosure has been described in detail, it shouldbe understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations canbe made hereto without departing from the spirit and the scope of thedisclosure as defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A circuit board, comprising a connectorconfigured to electrically couple a device to the circuit board, theconnector comprising: a conductive element configured to be electricallycoupled to a first voltage; and a detection pad configured to beelectrically coupled to a second voltage via a resistor, such that: whena device pin of a device is electrically coupled to the conductiveelement, the detection pad is electrically coupled to the conductiveelement via the device pin; and when the detection pad is notelectrically coupled to the conductive element, a voltage of thedetection is approximately equal to the second voltage whereinapproximately zero current flows through the resistor.
 2. The circuitboard of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises a pad.
 3. Thecircuit board of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises avia.
 4. The circuit board of claim 1, wherein a voltage of the detectionpad is indicative of whether the device pin is electrically coupled tothe conductive element.
 5. The circuit board of claim 4, wherein thedetection pad is configured to communicate the voltage of the detectionpad to an information handling resource communicatively coupled to thedetection pad.
 6. The circuit board of claim 5, wherein the informationhandling resource is configured to, based on the voltage of thedetection pad, record information indicative of whether the device pinis electrically coupled to the conductive element.
 7. The circuit boardof claim 1, the connector further comprising a second detection padconfigured to be electrically coupled to the second voltage via theresistor or a second resistor, such that when a device pin of a deviceis electrically coupled to the conductive element, the second detectionpad is electrically coupled to the conductive element via the devicepin.
 8. The circuit board of claim 1, the connector further comprising:a second conductive element configured to be electrically coupled to thefirst voltage; and a second detection pad configured to be electricallycoupled to the second voltage via the resistor or a second resistor,such that when a second device pin of the device is electrically coupledto the conductive element, the second detection pad is electricallycoupled to the second conductive element via the second device pin.
 9. Amethod, comprising: forming a conductive element configured to beelectrically coupled to a first voltage; and forming a detection padconfigured to be electrically coupled to a second voltage via aresistor, such that: when a device pin of a device is electricallycoupled to the conductive element, the detection pad is electricallycoupled to the conductive element via the device pin; and when thedetection pad is not electrically coupled to the conductive element, avoltage of the detection is approximately equal to the second voltagewherein approximately zero current flows through the detection pad. 10.The method of claim 9, wherein the conductive element comprises a pad.11. The method of claim 9, wherein the conductive element comprises avia.
 12. The method of claim 9, wherein a voltage of the detection padis indicative of whether the device pin is electrically coupled to theconductive element.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the detectionpad is configured to communicate the voltage of the detection pad to aninformation handling resource communicatively coupled to the detectionpad.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the information handlingresource is configured to, based on the voltage of the detection pad,record information indicative of whether the device pin is electricallycoupled to the conductive element.
 15. The method of claim 9, furthercomprising forming a second detection pad configured to be electricallycoupled to the second voltage via the resistor or a second resistor,such that when a device pin of a device is electrically coupled to theconductive element, the second detection pad is electrically coupled tothe conductive element via the device pin.
 16. The method of claim 9,further comprising: forming a second conductive element configured to beelectrically coupled to the first voltage; and forming a seconddetection pad configured to be electrically coupled to the secondvoltage via the resistor or a second resistor, such that: when a seconddevice pin of the device is electrically coupled to the conductiveelement, the second detection pad is electrically coupled to the secondconductive element via the second device pin.
 17. An informationhandling system comprising: a processor; one or more informationhandling resources; and a circuit board configured to communicativelycouple the one or more information handling resources to the processor,the circuit board comprising a connector, wherein the connectorcomprises: a conductive element configured to be electrically coupled toa first voltage; and a detection pad configured to be electricallycoupled to a second voltage via a resistor, such that: when a device pinof a device is electrically coupled to the conductive element, thedetection pad is electrically coupled to the conductive element via thedevice pin; and when the detection pad is not electrically coupled tothe conductive element, a voltage of the detection is approximatelyequal to the second voltage wherein approximately zero current flowsthrough the detection pad.
 18. The information handling system of claim17, wherein the conductive element comprises a pad.
 19. The informationhandling system of claim 17, wherein the conductive element comprises avia.
 20. The information handling system of claim 17, wherein a voltageof the detection pad is indicative of whether the device pin iselectrically coupled to the conductive element.
 21. The informationhandling system of claim 20, wherein the detection pad is configured tocommunicate the voltage of the detection pad to an information handlingresource communicatively coupled to the detection pad.
 22. Theinformation handling system of claim 21, wherein the informationhandling resource is configured to, based on the voltage of thedetection pad, record information indicative of whether the device pinis electrically coupled to the conductive element.
 23. The informationhandling system of claim 17, the connector further comprising a seconddetection pad configured to be electrically coupled to the secondvoltage via the resistor or a second resistor, such that when a devicepin of a device is electrically coupled to the conductive element, thesecond detection pad is electrically coupled to the conductive elementvia the device pin.
 24. The information handling system of claim 17, theconnector further comprising: a second conductive element configured tobe electrically coupled to the first voltage; and a second detection padconfigured to be electrically coupled to the second voltage via theresistor or a second resistor, such that when a second device pin of thedevice is electrically coupled to the conductive element, the seconddetection pad is electrically coupled to the second conductive elementvia the second device pin.